圖10.1。模擬。顱後窩水池。一、矢部分;B,前視圖;C,側麵圖;D,劣質的觀點。後窩內的腦池為:花梗間區(紅色)、前脊區(深藍色)、橋小腦區(橙色)、髓前區(紫色)、小腦髓區(黃色)、四腦區(淺綠色)、小腦上區(棕色)和大腦池(淺藍色)。脊髓前池(淺灰色)和脊髓後池(深灰色)通過枕骨大孔與後窩池相通。周圍池(深綠色)是幕上池。 The quadrigeminal cistern opens inferiorly into the cerebellomesencephalic fissure. The cerebellopontine cistern extends laterally to the cerebellopontine fissure. The latter fissure has superior and inferior limbs. The cisterna magna opens into the cerebellomedullary fissure. The apex of the basilar artery, the origin of the PCA, and the oculomotor nerves are situated in the interpeduncular cistern. The SCAs arise at the junction of the interpeduncular and prepontine cisterns. The trigeminal, abducens, facial, and vestibulocochlear nerves arise in the cerebellopontine cisterns. The basilar artery gives off the AICAs in the prepontine cistern. The SCAs and AICAs pass through the cerebellopontine cisterns. The vertebral arteries give rise to the PICAs and anterior spinal arteries in the premedullary cistern. The hypoglossal nerves pass through the premedullary cistern. The glossopharyngeal, vagus, and spinal accessory nerves arise in the cerebellomedullary cisterns. The PICAs pass through the cerebellomedullary cisterns and the cisterna magna. The basal vein empties into the vein of Galen in the quadrigeminal cistern. The carotid and posterior communicating arteries are in the supratentorial cisterns. A., artery; A.I.C.A., anteroinferior cerebellar artery; Ant., anterior; Bas., basilar; Car., carotid; Cer., cerebellar; Cer. Med., cerebellomedullary; Cer. Mes., cerebellomesencephalic; Cer. Pon., cerebellopontine; Cist., cistern, cisterna; Comm., communicating; Fiss., fissure; Inf., inferior; Interped., interpeduncular; P.C.A., posterior cerebral artery; P.I.C.A., posteroinferior cerebellar artery; Post., posterior; Premed., premedullary; Prepon., prepontine; Quad., quadrigeminal; S.C.A., superior cerebellar artery; Sp., spinal; Sup., superior; V., vein; Vert., vertebral.

圖10.2。答:前視圖。摘除蛛網膜，露出以下腦池:嗅池、頸動脈、交叉池、周圍池、腳池、腳間池、前腦池、髓前腦池、橋小腦池、小腦髓池和大池。動眼神經在蛛網膜交點走行，位於頸動脈、交叉神經、前額神經、踝間和橋小腦池壁的交界處。頸內膜將頸動脈和交叉池隔開。腳膜將腳池和周圍池分開。橋前膜將橋前池和橋小腦池分開。橋腦外側膜將周圍池和橋腦小腦池隔開。內側橋腦髓膜將前腦池和髓前池隔開，外側橋腦髓膜將橋小腦池和小腦髓池隔開。花梗間池位於Liliequist膜的間腦葉和中腦葉之間。 The bifurcation of the basilar artery is in the interpeduncular cistern. The carotid and posterior communicating arteries course within the carotid cisterns. The anterior choroidal artery arises in the carotid cistern and courses through the crural cistern. The optic nerves and chiasm and the stalk of the pituitary gland are situated in the chiasmatic cistern. The olfactory cisterns enclose the olfactory tracts. The SCAs arise at the junction of the interpeduncular and prepontine cisterns. The PCAs and trochlear nerves course through the ambient cisterns. The AICAs arise in the prepontine cistern. The premedullary cistern contains the hypoglossal nerves and vertebral arteries and the origin of the PICAs and anterior spinal arteries. The abducens, trigeminal, facial, and vestibulocochlear nerves and a segment of the SCA and AICA pass through the cerebellopontine cisterns. The cerebellomedullary cisterns contain the glossopharyngeal, vagus, and accessory nerves and a segment of the PICAs. The veins that course through the cisterns include the peduncular, transverse pontine, transverse medullary, lateral medullary, and median anterior pontomesencephalic veins and the veins of the pontomedullary sulcus, cerebellopontine fissure, and middle cerebellar peduncle. The veins in the cerebellopontine or cerebellomedullary cisterns join to form the superior petrosal veins. B. Cisterns exposed through a unilateral suboccipital craniectomy. The insert (upper left) shows the site of the skin incision (solid line) and craniectomy (interrupted line). The arachnoid membrane forming the posterior wall of the cerebellopontine and cerebellomedullary cisterns has been opened. The anterior pontine membrane is medial to the abducens nerve. The lateral pontomedullary membrane separates the cerebellopontine and cerebellomedullary cisterns. The flocculus and choroid plexus protrude into the junction of the cerebellomedullary and cerebellopontine cisterns near the foramen of Luschka. C. Cisterns in the tentorial incisura. View through a right frontotemporal craniotomy. The insert shows the direction of view. The inferior surface of the temporal lobe has been elevated. The arachnoid membrane medial to the free edge of the tentorium has been opened to expose the carotid, ambient, crural, cerebellopontine, interpeduncular, and sylvian cisterns. The lateral carotid membrane is on the lateral side of the carotid artery, and the medial carotid membrane separates the carotid and chiasmatic cisterns. The crural membrane extends from the optic tract to the uncus and between the origins of the posterior communicating and anterior choroidal arteries. A., artery; A.C.A., anterior cerebral artery; Ant., anterior; Arach., arachnoid; Bas., basilar; Car., carotid; Cer., cerebellar; Cer. Med., cerebellomedullary; Cer. Pon., cerebellopontine; Chiasm., chiasmatic; Chor., choroid; Cist., cistern, cisterna; Comm., communicating; Fiss., fissure; Front., frontal; Interped., interpeduncular; Lat., lateral; Lilieq., Liliequist’s; M.C.A., middle cerebral artery; Med., medial, medullary; Memb., membrane; Mid., middle; N., nerve; Olf., olfactory; P.C.A., posterior cerebral artery; Ped., peduncular; Pet., petrosal; P.I.C.A., posteroinferior cerebellar artery; Pon., pontine; Pon. Med., pontomedullary; Pon. Mes., pontomesencephalic; Premed., premedullary; Prepon., prepontine; S.C.A., superior cerebellar artery; Sig., sigmoid; Sp., spinal; Sulc., sulcus; Temp., temporal; Tent., tentorium; Tr., trunk; Trans., transverse; V., vein; Vert., vertebral.

圖10.3。利裏奎斯特氏膜和腦池以及與動眼神經相交的膜。A，中線左側的矢狀旁切麵。Liliequist 's膜起源於鞍背支撐的外蛛網膜部分，並分裂為間腦膜和中腦膜。間腦膜是一個完整的膜，附著在上頜體上，並將交叉池和踝間池分開。中腦膜，沿中腦和腦橋的連接處附著，形成一個不完整的壁，位於踝間池和前脊池之間，基底動脈通過一個開口上升。B-D，腦池和膜與動眼神經相交。B，交叉，頸動脈，踝間，腦前和腦橋小腦池的腹側蛛網膜壁已經被切除。頸動脈外側膜形成頸動脈池的外側壁。頸內膜將頸動脈和交叉池分開。 The interpeduncular cistern is situated behind the mamillary bodies and the diencephalic membrane. The cerebellopontine cistern opens into Meckel’s cave (arrow). The anterior pontine membrane separates the prepontine and cerebellopontine cisterns. C, the arachnoid membrane covering the cerebellopontine cistern has been stretched laterally to show the lateral pontomesencephalic membrane. The lateral pontomedullary membrane separates the cerebellomedullary and cerebellopontine cisterns. D, the arachnoidal cuff around the right oculomotor nerve has been opened. The medial and lateral carotid, mesencephalic, diencephalic, lateral pontomesencephalic, and anterior pontine membranes converge on and form a cuff around the oculomotor nerve. A., artery; A.C.A., anterior cerebral artery; Ant., anterior; Arach., arachnoid; Bas., basilar; Car., carotid; Cer. Med., cerebellomedullary; Cer. Pon., cerebellopontine; Cist., cistern; Comm., communicating; Dien., diencephalic; Infund., infundibulum; Interped., interpeduncular; Lat., lateral; Mam., mamillary; Med., medial; Memb., membrane; Mes., mesencephalic; N., nerve; P.C.A., posterior cerebral artery; P.I.C.A., posteroinferior cerebellar artery; Pit., pituitary; Pon., pontine; Post., posterior; Prepon., prepontine; S.C.A., superior cerebellar artery; Sphen., sphenoid; Tr., trunk; V., vein, venous; Vent., ventricle.

圖10.4。A，腦前，小腦橋腦，小腦髓質，和髓前池。形成橋小腦、小腦髓質、前髓質和前髓質池前壁的蛛網膜被切除。橋腦外側膜將橋小腦和小腦髓池隔開。在椎動脈連接處的厚蛛網膜小梁形成橋髓中膜，它將髓前池和脊前池隔開。橋前膜將橋前池和橋小腦池分開。髓前池向後延伸到舌咽神經、迷走神經和副神經的前表麵。B是橋前膜，它將橋前池和橋小腦池分開，從橋腦向前延伸到斜坡。側腦橋腦膜，形成周圍池的底部和橋小腦池的頂部，橫跨PCA和SCA之間的間隔。一個硬腦膜的小皮瓣被抬高露出了梅克爾洞穴裏的三叉神經。 C, posterior view. The arachnoid membrane forming the posterior wall of the cerebellopontine and cerebellomedullary cisterns has been opened. The lateral pontomedullary membrane separates the cerebellopontine and cerebellomedullary cisterns. The PICA and hypoglossal nerves arise in the premedullary cistern. Choroid plexus protrudes into the junction of the cerebellomedullary and cerebellopontine cisterns. D, anterior view. The lateral pontomedullary membrane separates the cerebellopontine and cerebellomedullary cisterns. The anterior pontine membrane separates the prepontine and cerebellopontine cisterns. A., artery; A.I.C.A., anteroinferior cerebellar artery; Ant., anterior; Arach., arachnoid; Bas., basilar; Car., carotid; Cav., cavernous; Cer. Med., cerebellomedullary; Cer. Pon., cerebellopontine; Chor. Plex., choroid plexus; Cist., cistern; Comm., communicating; F., foramen; For., foramen; Infund., infundibulum; Jug., jugular; Lat., lateral; Med., medial, medullary; Memb., membrane; N., nerve; P.C.A., posterior cerebral artery; Pet., petrosal; P.I.C.A., posteroinferior cerebellar artery; Pon., pontine; Pon. Mes., pontomesencephalic; Post., posterior; Premed., premedullary; Prepon., prepontine; S.C.A., superior cerebellar artery; Sulc., sulcus; Temp., temporal; Trans., transverse; V., vein; Vert., vertebral.